G20 declaration highlights: Minerals, debt and climate

At the first G20 summit on the African continent in South Africa, leaders endorsed a declaration themed 'Solidarity, Equality, Sustainability,' addressing critical minerals, global conflicts, inequality, debt reform, and climate finance, despite a U.S. boycott. The document commits to protecting critical mineral supply chains from disruptions like geopolitical tensions and China's dominance, promoting exploration in developing countries for value-added development, and calling for just peace in Ukraine, Sudan, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and the Occupied Palestinian Territory. It also urges financial reforms for low-income nations' debt burdens and rapid scaling of climate finance to trillions, while noting energy access gaps in Africa but omitting fossil fuel phaseouts. This advances equitable global cooperation on green transitions and development challenges.